• This is a Python Byte Object
    • Common behind the scenes.
    • These are used as data is passed into a program.
    • Rarely manipulated or modified directly.
    • Byte Objects are a sequence of data.
      • 101010101010111
  • Byte Object Common Uses:
    • Streaming files.
    • Transmitting text without knowing the encoding.
    • Often used “under the hood” in Python.
  • To create a bytes object, we use: 
    bytes(4)
  • Output is b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
    • The command creates an empty Bytes Object.
    • The above output is 4 bytes long.
      • Followed by x and then two hexadecimal base 16 numbers.
        • Two hexadecimal numbers is 256 possibilities.
        • Same as 2 to the power of 8 or 8 bits.
          • There are 8 bites to a byte.
            • The b above is to differentiate it from a regular string.
  • To create a bytes object with data inside of it. 
    smileyBytes = bytes('EYE_ROLL', 'utf-8')
smileyBytes

    Outputs: b'\xf0\z4t\x11\x65' for example. * Need to tell Python what Type the bytes object is, so it can find and isolate the data. * Emojis are encoded in utf-8. * UTF-8 –> Unicode Transformation Format.

  • How do you take a bytes object and represent it as a string again? Need the decode function.
    • smileyBytes.decode('utf-8')
      • Then the output the EYE_ROLL emoji.
  • Bytes Objects are immutable, like tuples.
    • If we want byte data that we can modify, we use a Byte Array. 
      smileyBytes = bytearray('EYE_ROLL', 'utf-8')
smileyBytes
  • Outputs bytearray(b'\xf0\x9f\x99\x84')
    • Can modify a specific value, using the String Slice Notation.
    • To get hexadecimal 85, we use the int library. 
      # Uses base 16.
smileyBytes[3] = int('85', 16)
  • Then we run smileyBytes.decode('utf-8') and receive a SHRUG emoji.

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